道路路基和路面结构及构造物的破坏,很大程度.上是由于水的存在造成的。水是导致道路工程病害和失去功能的主要原因之一。良好的道路排水设计能够改善道路的使用功能并延长道路的使用寿命，在重交通的高等级公路上尤其如此。国外研究表明，具有良好的路面排水系统的现代公路的设计寿命比没有路面排水的公路要高出2~3倍。
The damage of road subgrade, pavement structure and structure is largely due to the existence of water. Water is one of the main causes of road engineering disease and loss of function. Good road drainage design can improve the use function of the road and extend the service life of the road, especially on high-grade roads with heavy traffic. Foreign research shows that the design life of modern highway with good pavement drainage system is 2-3 times longer than that of highway without pavement drainage system.
      传统的排水方案是把自由排水的开级配骨料基层结合到路面结构中。但开级配排水层很少单独用作道路基层,很多工程选择使用密级配基层来改善施工条件,并对上覆自由排水层给予结构支撑。但是，由于密级配基层的渗透率低,水流到路边缘的排水路径长,排水非常慢。因此，当道路边缘被淤堵时,就失去排水功能。如果密级配材料细料含量较多,比如:通过200号筛网的数量大于5%，那么实际渗透率和相应的排水能力就会比预计值低,其差距可以达到一个数量级。
The traditional drainage scheme is to combine the open graded aggregate base of free drainage into the pavement structure. However, the open graded drainage layer is rarely used as the road base alone. Many projects choose to use dense graded drainage layer to improve the construction conditions and provide structural support for the overlying free drainage layer. However, due to the low permeability of dense graded base, the drainage path from water flow to the edge of the road is long and the drainage is very slow. Therefore, when the road edge is silted up, it will lose the drainage function. If the fine material content of dense gradation material is large, for example, the number passing No. 200 sieve is more than 5%, the actual permeability and corresponding drainage capacity will be lower than the expected value, and the gap can reach an order of magnitude.
      道路排水的预计时间是一个月或更久:排水条件的等级为“差"和“较差"级别。事实.上,由于毛细水的作用及驱动水头的缺乏，在低的水力梯度下的密级配地基经常会像海绵-样把水滞留在道路中,使排水条件变差。
The estimated time for road drainage is one month or more: the level of drainage conditions is "poor" and "poor". In fact, due to the role of capillary water and the lack of driving head, dense graded foundation under low hydraulic gradient will often lag water in the road like a sponge, resulting in poor drainage conditions.
      此外,另一个和排水有关的问题是冻胀和冻融。冻胀会引起路面隆起和裂缝以及路面维修费用的增加:冻融可以使地基土饱和,强度大幅度降低,导致交通荷载受到限制甚至导致道路完全关闭。传统的技术方案是把易受冻胀的土开挖到冰冻线以下,并用不易冻胀的材料替换。这个方案要求大量的挖掘工作，如果当地没有合适的结构填料,费用将会提高。在道路排水中应用新型三维复合排水网，既能提高排水能力,又能减少冻胀影响。它将-一个抗压缩和具有孔隙的排水系统结合到道路结构中。
In addition, another drainage related problem is frost heave and freeze-thaw. Frost heaving will cause the road surface to swell and crack and increase the maintenance cost of the road surface: freeze-thaw can make the foundation soil saturated, the strength greatly reduced, the traffic load is limited and even the road is completely closed. The traditional technical scheme is to excavate the soil which is easy to frost heave under the freezing line and replace it with the material which is not easy to frost heave. This scheme requires a lot of excavation work. If there is no suitable structural filler, the cost will be increased. The application of new three-dimensional composite drainage network in road drainage can not only improve the drainage capacity, but also reduce the impact of frost heave. It combines - a compression resistant and porous drainage system into the road structure.
       三维复合排水网以高密度聚乙烯为原材料,通过特殊挤压制成。排水网有三层筋条构成,其中一层刚性很大的筋条竖向排列,另外两层筋条交叉排列,形成纵向排列的排水通道。 排水网具有很高的抗拉强度和抗压缩性能,交错排列的筋条能够防止土工织物嵌入导致排水通道阻塞,降低排水能力。三维排水土工网一般双面或单面复合土工布，形成复合排水土工网。其排水能力和1m厚的砾石相当。
The three-dimensional composite drainage network is made of HDPE by special extrusion. The drainage network consists of three layers of bars, one of which is arranged vertically with great rigidity, and the other two layers are arranged crosswise to form a drainage channel arranged vertically. The drainage network has high tensile strength and compression resistance. The staggered bars can prevent the geotextile from embedding into the drainage channel and reduce the drainage capacity. The three-dimensional drainage geonet is generally double-sided or single-sided composite geotextile, forming a composite drainage geonet. Its drainage capacity is equivalent to that of 1 m thick gravel.
       道路老化、裂缝形成后,大部分雨水就会进入断面中。道路翻新时，可以把三维复合排水网直接铺设在新建路面面层下，形成路面内部排水层。三维复合排水网可以在水分进入基层或底基层之前将其先行收集排放。对刚性道路系统来说，这种结构允许用较高的排水系数来设计道路。这种结构的另一个优点是能使混凝土更均匀地水合。不管是对刚性道路还是柔性道路系统,这种结构都能够延长道路的使用寿命。
After the road is aged and cracks are formed, most of the rainwater will enter the section. When the road is renovated, the three-dimensional composite drainage network can be directly laid under the new pavement surface to form the internal drainage layer of the pavement. The three-dimensional composite drainage network can collect and discharge the water before it enters the base or subbase. For rigid road systems, this structure allows the design of roads with high drainage coefficients. Another advantage of this structure is that it can make the concrete hydrate more evenly. Whether for rigid road or flexible road system, this structure can extend the service life of the road.
       (1)排水能力强,相当于自由排水地基;
       (1) Strong drainage capacity, equivalent to free drainage foundation;
       (2)抗压缩能力和刚度大,能承受道路交通荷载;
       (2) It has high compression resistance and rigidity and can bear road traffic load;
       (3)孔隙率大,能阻断毛细水的上升:
       (3) High porosity can block the rise of capillary water:
       (4)抗拉强度和抗拉模量高,对地基具有加固作用:
       (4) High tensile strength and modulus have reinforcement effect on the foundation:
       (5)施工方便。
       (5) Convenient construction.
       相信大家看完以上内容以后，应该也对三维复合排水网如何应用于旧路翻新有所了解了吧，希望会对大家有所帮助吧。
I believe that after you read the above content, you should also know how to apply 3D composite drainage network to the renovation of old roads. I hope it will help you.
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